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Control variable
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Industry dummy
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1 for pharmaceutical/chemical, 0 otherwise
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Subsidiary age
|
years in operation, in natural logarithm (Ln)
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Subsidiary size
|
number of R&D staff, excluding the administrative staff: 1 (0~19), 2 (20~39), 3 (40~59), 4 (60~79), 5 (80~).
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Western dummy
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1 for North America and Europe, 0 otherwise
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R&D-Sales ratio
|
R&D to sales ratio at the parent company
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Overseas sales ratio
|
Overseas sales ratio at the parent company
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Single region dummy
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1 for the parent company with single regional operations, 0 otherwise
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Moderator
|
“R task”
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1 for basic or applied research, 0 otherwise
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Independent variable
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Corporate R&D HQ
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1 for Reporting to corporate R&D HQ, 0 otherwise (as a baseline for comparison)
|
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Top management
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1 for reporting to top management, 0 otherwise
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Divisional HQ
|
1 for reporting to divisional HQ, 0 otherwise
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|
Regional HQ
|
1 for reporting to Regional HQ, 0 otherwise
|
