From: Extending the role of headquarters beyond the firm boundary: entrepreneurial alliance innovation
Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | ||||
Forward Citation Count | 36.13 | 88.38 | 0 | 598 |
Main independent variable | ||||
Distance CHQ to Startup | 2.10 | 1.69 | 0.00 | 4.35 |
Moderator variables | ||||
CHQ R&D Function | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
Horizontal Alliance | 0.10 | 0.29 | 0 | 1 |
Control variables | ||||
CHQ Consolidated | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
Distance Subsidiary to Startup (Closest) | 2.14 | 1.63 | 0.00 | 4.24 |
Alliance Exploitation | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 |
Alliance Equity and Joint Venture | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 |
Alliance Duration | 3.34 | 1.67 | 1 | 6 |
Incumbent Subsidiary Dispersion | 29.95 | 24.28 | 0 | 89 |
Incumbent Portfolio Dispersion | 5.40 | 2.78 | 1 | 11 |
Incumbent Patent Count (Five-Year Lagged) | 245.37 | 1867.06 | 1 | 29,433 |
Incumbent Age | 67.99 | 53.45 | 0 | 160 |
Incumbent Size (Logged) | 6.61 | 1.57 | 1.10 | 8.92 |
Incumbent Acquired | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0 | 1 |
Startup Portfolio Dispersion | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
Startup Patent Count (Five-Year Lagged) | 20.03 | 42.29 | 1 | 438 |
Startup Age | 17.31 | 23.34 | 0 | 159 |
Startup Size (Binary) | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Startup Manufacturing | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
Startup Capital Investment (Cumulative) | 7.18 | 25.90 | 0.00 | 172.77 |
Robustness check independent variables | ||||
Startup Patent Count (One-Year Lagged) | 20.33 | 37.05 | 1 | 438 |
Cumulative Startup Patent Count (One-Year Lagged) | 294.36 | 604.14 | 4 | 3070 |