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Table 1 The three ideal organizational forms: core institutional properties
From: Collaborative organizational forms: on communities, crowds, and new hybrids
| Market | Hierarchy | Community | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locus of design | Market institutions, contracts | Authority structure | Values, rules, and protocols |
| Goals | Actor-specific goals | Owner’s goals, efforts to achieve goal alignment among actors/organizational members | Shared goals and values |
| Resource ownership; property rights regime | Actors own resources (and can exchange them); private-property regime | Owner/organization owns resources; private-property regime | Shared resources in commons; common-property regime |
| Affiliation | Market contract | Employment | Membership |
