Definition
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Voluntary arrangements between firms involving exchange, sharing, or codevelopment of products,
technologies, or services (Gulati 1998).
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Strategic networks are composed of interorganizational ties that are enduring, are of strategic significance for the firms entering them, and include strategic alliances, joint ventures, long-term buyer-supplier partnerships, and a host of similar ties (Gulati, Nohria, and Zaheer, 2000)
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Set of actors that contribute to the user value proposition of a focal product or service, designed with or without a platform-based technological architecture
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Connections between firms
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Alliance
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Alliance
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Interdependence between activities/technologies
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Unit of analysis
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Firm or alliance
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Firm or network (typically alliance)
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Innovation or firm or ecosystem
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Key theoretical considerations
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Alliance governance (formal/relational), alliance capability, partners’ resources
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Structure of ties, access to information, status, brokerage (information, resources), embeddedness
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Structure of interdependence (technology, inputs-outputs), complements, bottlenecks, platforms
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